Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition characterized by significant mood fluctuations, including periods of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) and depressive episodes. These mood swings can profoundly impact daily functioning and overall well-being.

Understanding Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is classified into two primary types:

• Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by manic episodes lasting at least seven days or by manic symptoms that are so severe immediate hospital care is needed. Depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least two weeks.

• Bipolar II Disorder: Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I Disorder.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute. Family history, childhood abuse, and long-term stress are among the risk factors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of bipolar disorder vary between manic and depressive episodes:

• Manic Episodes:

• Increased energy or activity levels

• Elevated or irritable mood

• Decreased need for sleep

• Racing thoughts

• Impulsive or risky behavior

• Depressive Episodes:

• Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness

• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

• Fatigue or decreased energy

• Difficulty concentrating

• Thoughts of death or suicide

Treatment Options

Managing bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of:

• Psychotherapy:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  • Psychoeducation

  • Family therapy

• Medications:

• Mood stabilizers

• Antipsychotic medications

• Antidepressants

A comprehensive treatment plan tailored to the individual's needs is essential for effectively managing bipolar disorder.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder or another mental health condition, consider scheduling a free discovery call with Dr. Doi to explore how she can support you on your journey toward improved mental health.