Antipsychotic medications are essential in the treatment of various psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. These medications help manage symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and mood disturbances, enabling individuals to lead more stable and functional lives.

Types of Antipsychotics

Antipsychotic medications are categorized into two primary classes:

1. Typical Antipsychotics (First-Generation): These medications primarily block dopamine receptors in the brain, which can help alleviate symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. However, they may be associated with side effects such as movement disorders like tardive dyskinesia.

2. Atypical Antipsychotics (Second-Generation): These newer medications block dopamine receptors and also affect serotonin receptors, offering a broader spectrum of symptom relief. They are generally associated with a lower risk of movement-related side effects but may have other side effects, such as weight gain and metabolic changes.

Common Antipsychotic Medications

Several antipsychotic medications are commonly prescribed, including:

• Risperidone: An atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is taken either by mouth or by injection, with the injectable versions being long-acting. Common side effects include weight gain, drowsiness, and elevated prolactin levels.

• Olanzapine: An atypical antipsychotic used to treat the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as bipolar disorder and depression. It has been associated with significant weight gain.

• Quetiapine: An atypical antipsychotic used to treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Of the second-generation antipsychotics, quetiapine may produce fewer Parkinson’s-type side effects.

Considerations and Side Effects

While antipsychotic medications can be highly effective, they may also present side effects, including:

• Metabolic Changes: Some antipsychotics can lead to weight gain, increased blood sugar, and lipid abnormalities.

• Movement Disorders: Although atypical antipsychotics generally have a lower risk, some may still cause movement-related side effects.

• Fatigue: Drowsiness can occur, potentially affecting daily activities.

It's essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to monitor these potential side effects and adjust treatment as necessary. 

If you are looking to learn about antipsychotic medications, schedule a free discovery call with Dr. Doi to discuss potential treatment plans.